According to a new analysis from the Pew Research Center, Americans ages 18–49 were more likely to accurately categorize factual statements as facts and opinion statements as opinions.
-
You can test your own ability here, no matter your age.
-
Read “What is Fake News” at https://guides.libraries.psu.edu/fakenewsFake News: Sources that intentionally fabricate information, disseminate deceptive content, or grossly distort actual news reports.
Among the opinion statements, roughly three-quarters of 18- to 49-year-olds (77%) correctly identified the following opinion statement, one that appeals more to the ideological right – “Government is almost always wasteful and inefficient” – compared with about two-thirds of older Americans (65%). And younger Americans were slightly more likely than older adults (82% vs. 78%, respectively) to correctly categorize this opinion statement, one appealing more to the left: “Abortion should be legal in most cases.”
This stronger ability to classify statements regardless of their ideological appeal may well be tied to the fact that younger adults – especially Millennials – are less likely to strongly identify with either political party. Younger Americans also are more “digitally savvy” than their elders, a characteristic that is also tied to greater success at classifying news statements. But even when accounting for levels of digital savviness and party affiliation, the differences by age persist: Younger adults are still better than their elders at deciphering factual from opinion news statements. Beyond digital savoriness, the original study found that two other factors have a strong relationship with being able to correctly classify factual and opinion statements: having higher political awareness and more trust in the information from the national news media. Despite the fact that younger adults tend to be less politically aware and trusting of the news media than their elders, they still performed better at this task.
This corroborates the footnote of a recent American Press Institute study which found that only 43 percent of Americans thought it was easy to distinguish opinion from news on digital news sites and social media.
The API researchers found that 52 percent of adults under age 30 said it’s at least somewhat easy to tell them apart on social media, versus 34 percent of adults 60 and older: “The level of ease was about the same for younger adults across all media types.” The study also noted that the young folk were understandably less familiar with print jargon like “op-ed” than the older adults.
A different recent Pew study found that while 57 percent of American social media users expected the news they encountered there to be “largely inaccurate,” younger social media news consumers were — unsurprisingly — more likely to say social media has “impacted their learning for the better” (48 percent of those age 18 to 29, compared to 28 percent of those age 50 to 64).
Op-eds have been playing a much larger role in the news cycle these days, with Trump’s anonymous underling writing in The New York Times and the president’s error-ridden contribution to USA Today. Instead of fighting with terms that are quickly becoming arcane, there are a few options beyond cheering the fact that rising generations of news consumers understand the newspaper layout.
What is Fake News?
Fake news is in the News these days, so what is it? The term is most often used to describe completely fabricated stories, but can also be applied to a broader continuum of news. Many news outlets will exhibit some form of explicit or implicit bias while not falling into the fake news category. Assessing the quality of the content is crucial to understanding whether what you are viewing is true or not. It is up to you to do the legwork to make sure your information is good.
-
Fake News: Sources that intentionally fabricate information, disseminate deceptive content, or grossly distort actual news reports.
-
Satire: Sources that use humor, irony, exaggeration, ridicule, and false information to comment on current events.
-
Bias: Sources that come from a particular point of view and may rely on propaganda, decontextualized information, and opinions distorted as facts.
-
Rumor Mill: Sources that traffic in rumors, gossip, innuendo, and unverified claims.
-
State News: Sources in repressive states operating under government sanction.
-
Junk Science: Sources that promote pseudoscience, naturalistic fallacies, and other scientifically dubious claims.
-
Clickbait: A strategically placed hyperlink designed to drive traffic to sources that provide generally credible content, but use exaggerated, misleading, or questionable headlines, social media descriptions, and/or images.
The International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) published a summary in diagram form to assist people in recognizing fake news.
Its main points are:
-
Consider the source (to understand its mission and purpose)
-
Read beyond the headline (to understand the whole story)
-
Check the authors (to see if they are real and credible)
-
Assess the supporting sources (to ensure they support the claims)
-
Check the date of publication (to see if the story is relevant and up to date)
-
Ask if it is a joke (to determine if it is meant to be satire)
-
Review your own biases (to see if they are affecting your judgement)
-
Ask experts (to get confirmation from independent people with knowledge).
Read more at https://www.ifla.org/ifla-publications, including the latest IFLA journal, October 2018, is a special about Privacy, https://www.ifla.org/files/assets/hq/publications/ifla-journal/ifla-journal-44-3_2018.pdf
Fact-checking The sites below generally review specific news stories and claims.
-
Can be used to look up quotes and research authors of articles to see their professional credentials.
-
Displays news coverage from “left”, “right”, and “center” sources. Use with caution as the categories are generated by users and reflect public perceptions of each news source rather than any actual bias in the individual articles displayed.
-
A product of the Annenberg Public Policy Center, this site is terrific for checking up on political claims.
-
Fake news database, tasked with “tracking fabricated news created to mislead”
-
The Pulitzer Prize-winning Politifact researches the claims of politicians and checks their accuracy.
-
One of the oldest debunking sites on the Internet, Snopes.com focuses on widely circulating urban legends, news stories and memes.
-
Hoax-Slayer specifically focuses on email hoaxes, identity theft scams and spam.
-
Focused primarily on political stories.
Watch this video tutorial about how to choose your news https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-Y-z6HmRgI
With the advent of the Internet and social media, news is distributed at an incredible rate by an unprecedented number of different media outlets. How do we choose which news to consume? Damon Brown gives the inside scoop on how the opinions and facts (and sometimes non-facts) make their way into the news and how the smart reader can tell them apart
With the advent of the Internet and social media, news is distributed at an incredible rate by an unprecedented number of different media outlets. How do we choose which news to consume? Damon Brown gives the inside scoop on how the opinions and facts (and sometimes non-facts) make their way into the news and how the smart reader can tell them apart
Illustration by Sabrena Khadija used under a Creative Commons license.
Curated by Mike Stuart, 1stonline.us
1: “Marketing is a contest for people’s attention.”